# Comparing galaxy morphology in hydrodynamical simulation and in semi-analytic model

## TL;DR

This study compares galaxy morphology predictions from the Illustris hydrodynamical simulation and a semi-analytic model, revealing differences in merger-driven bulge growth and satellite mass evolution affecting galaxy types.

## Contribution

It provides a detailed comparison of galaxy morphology predictions between hydrodynamical and semi-analytic models, highlighting key differences in merger processes and satellite evolution.

## Key findings

- Higher morphological consistency for low-mass galaxies in both models.
- Less merger-driven bulge growth in Illustris compared to SAM.
- Satellite stellar mass decreases significantly in Illustris before merging.

## Abstract

We compare galaxy morphology predicted by the Illustris hydrodynamical simulation and a semi-analytic model (SAM) grafted in the halo merger trees from the Illustris-Dark matter simulation. Morphology is classified according to the luminous profile and the kinematic bulge-to-total ratio for Illustris galaxy, and the bulge-to-total stellar mass ratio for SAM galaxy. For late-type galaxies in the Illustris catalogue, most of their counterparts in the SAM model have the same type, and the consistency between two models is higher for lower mass galaxies. For early-type (ET) galaxies in Illustris, the consistency is quite low for the counterparts except for most massive galaxies. By comparing in detail the growth histories of some matched galaxy pairs of Milky Way mass in Illustris and the SAM model, we notice two aspects of differences in determining galaxy morphology between the two galaxy formation implementations. First, in the SAM, major merger and frequent minor mergers result in the growth of bulges and turn the galaxy into ET, while bulge formation is not connected to mergers as tightly as in SAM for the Illustris galaxies. In addition, the satellite stellar mass can decrease significantly due to tidal stripping before merging into the central galaxy in Illustris, while it does not decrease in the SAM model. This results in less mergers with large (stellar) mass ratios in the Illustris simulation, and less effect of mergers on shaping galaxy morphology.