# Minimal Effective Gibbs Ansatz (MEGA): A simple protocol for extracting an accurate thermal representation for quantum simulation

## TL;DR

The paper introduces MEGA, a simple quantum protocol that efficiently constructs minimal pure state ensembles to accurately approximate thermal states, reducing resource requirements and avoiding prior spectral knowledge.

## Contribution

MEGA is a novel method that uses correlation functions to identify minimal pure state ensembles for thermal state approximation without spectral prior knowledge.

## Key findings

- Accurately reproduces thermal averages with minimal pure states.
- Effective for models like Fermi-Hubbard using small clusters.
- Offers resource-efficient implementation without spectral information.

## Abstract

Quantum Gibbs state sampling algorithms generally suffer from either scaling exponentially with system size or requiring specific knowledge of spectral properties \textit{a priori}. Also, these algorithms require a large overhead of bath or scratch/ancilla qubits. We propose a method, termed the minimal effective Gibbs ansatz (MEGA), which uses a quantum computer to determine a minimal ensemble of pure states that accurately reproduce thermal averages of typical observables. This technique employs properties of correlation functions that can be split into a lesser and greater part; here, we primarily focus on single-particle Green's functions. When properly measured, these correlation functions provide a simple test to indicate how close a given pure state or ensemble of pure states are to providing accurate thermal expectation values. Further, we show that when properties such as the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis hold, this approach leads to accurate results with a sparse ensemble of pure states; sometimes only one suffices. We illustrate the ansatz using exact diagonalization simulations on small clusters for the Fermi-Hubbard and Hubbard-like models. Even if MEGA becomes as computationally complex as other Gibbs state samplers, it still gains an advantage due to its ease of implementation without any \textit{a priori} information about the Hamiltonian and in the efficient allocation of available qubits by eliminating bath qubits and using a minimal number of ancilla.