Emergent behaviors of continuous and discrete thermomechanical Cucker-Smale models on general digraphs

TL;DR

This paper investigates the emergent flocking behaviors of thermomechanical Cucker-Smale models on general directed graphs, extending previous work from symmetric graphs to more complex topologies without momentum conservation.

Contribution

It introduces new analytical frameworks for understanding flocking in models on general digraphs, where momentum conservation no longer holds, using matrix theory and state-transition analysis.

Findings

Flocking occurs under specific system parameters and initial conditions.

The models exhibit mono-cluster flocking behavior.

Analysis applies to both continuous and discrete time models.

Abstract

We present emergent dynamics of continuous and discrete thermomechanical Cucker-Smale(TCS) models equipped with temperature as an extra observable on general digraph. In previous literature, the emergent behaviors of the TCS models were mainly studied on a complete graph, or symmetric connected graphs. Under this symmetric setting, the total momentum is a conserved quantity. This determines the asymptotic velocity and temperature a priori using the initial data only. Moreover, this conservation law plays a crucial role in the flocking analysis based on the elementary $\ell_2$ energy estimates. In this paper, we consider a more general connection topology which is registered by a general digraph, and the weights between particles are given to be inversely proportional to the metric distance between them. Due to this possible symmetry breaking in communication, the total momentum is not a conserved quantity, and this lack of conservation law makes the asymptotic velocity and temperature depend on the whole history of solutions. To circumvent this lack of conservation laws, we instead employ some tools from matrix theory on the scrambling matrices and some detailed analysis on the state-transition matrices. We present two sufficient frameworks for the emergence of mono-cluster flockings on a digraph for the continuous and discrete models. Our sufficient frameworks are given in terms of system parameters and initial data.