Partial ablation of Ti/Al nano-layer thin film by single femtosecond laser pulse

TL;DR

This study investigates how single femtosecond laser pulses induce selective and complete ablation in Ti/Al nano-layer thin films, revealing threshold behaviors and thermal responses through experiments and simulations.

Contribution

It demonstrates the ablation thresholds and mechanisms for Ti/Al nano-layer films under femtosecond laser pulses, combining experimental and simulation approaches.

Findings

Selective ablation of Ti layer at low fluence

Complete ablation at higher fluence

Simulation results agree with experimental data

Abstract

The effects of ultra-short laser pulses on reactive Ti/Al nano-layered thin film were investigated. The thin film composed of alternated titanium and aluminium nano-layers, was deposited by ion-sputtering. Single pulse irradiation was conducted in the air with focused and linearly polarized femtosecond laser beam - of 1026 nm wavelength and pulse duration of 170 fs. Laser induced composition and morphological changes, using different microscopy techniques and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, were investigated. Following results were obtained: (i) one step partial/selective ablation of upper Ti layer from nano-layer Ti/Al at low laser fluence and (ii) two step ablation or entire ablation of nano-layer Ti/Al at higher laser fluence. Single pulse selective ablation of the upper Ti layer was confirmed based on profiling (AFM) along the ablation steps and reduction of Ti concentration (EDX) in the ablated areas. Ablation threshold was estimated using well known procedure for ultra-short laser pulses - spot diameter square versus logarithm of pulse energy. To interpret the experimental observations, simulations have been performed to explore the thermal response of the multiple layered structure (Ti(5x(Al/Ti))) after irradiation with a characteristic value of single laser pulse of fluence F = 320 mJ/cm2. The results are in agreement with the calculations.