Realisation of a Frustrated 3D Magnetic Nanowire Lattice

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel method for fabricating three-dimensional frustrated magnetic nanowire lattices using 3D nanoprinting and metallic deposition, enabling new magnetic phenomena and potential applications in data storage and magnetic systems.

Contribution

It introduces a new fabrication platform for 3D magnetic nanostructures, overcoming previous challenges in complex geometries and enabling exploration of frustrated magnetic phenomena.

Findings

Nanowires are single domain and switch via domain wall nucleation and propagation.

Deep nanoscale magnetic imaging reveals complex spin textures.

Finite element simulations support experimental observations.

Abstract

Patterning nanomagnets in three-dimensions presents a new paradigm in condensed matter physics and allows access to a plethora of fundamental phenomena including robust spin textures, magnetic metamaterials that are home to defects carrying magnetic charge and ultrahigh density devices that store information in three-dimensions. However, the nanostructuring of functional magnetic materials into complex three-dimensional geometries has thus far proven to be a formidable challenge. Here we show magnetic nanowires can be arranged into 3D frustrated magnetic nanowire lattices by using a combination of 3D polymer nanoprinting and metallic deposition. The fabricated nanowires are single domain and they switch via nucleation and propagation of domain walls. Deep nanoscale magnetic imaging and finite element simulations elucidate the spin texture present on the 3D nanostructured lattice. Our study demonstrates a generic platform for the production of 3D nanostructured magnetic materials allowing the realisation of racetrack memory devices and 3D nanostructured systems that mimic bulk frustrated crystals.