# Two-integral distribution functions in axisymmetric galaxies: implications for dark matter searches

## TL;DR

This paper develops a method to reconstruct dark matter phase-space distribution functions in axisymmetric galaxies, revealing limitations of spherical models and informing direct detection experiments like Xenon1T.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel inversion technique for axisymmetric systems with flattened components, improving dark matter modeling in galaxy halos.

## Key findings

- Reveals shortcomings of spherical symmetry assumptions in dark matter models.
- Provides reinterpretation of Xenon1T null results for dark matter interactions.
- Predicts annual modulation signals in axisymmetric galaxy models.

## Abstract

We address the problem of reconstructing the phase-space distribution function for an extended collisionless system, with known density profile and in equilibrium within an axisymmetric gravitational potential. Assuming that it depends on only two integrals of motion, namely the energy and the component of the angular momentum along the axis of symmetry $L_z$, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the density profile and the component of the distribution function that is even in $L_z$, as well as between the weighted azimuthal velocity profile and the odd component. This inversion procedure was originally proposed by Lynden-Bell and later refined in its numerical implementation by Hunter & Qian; after overcoming a technical difficulty, we apply it here for the first time in presence of a strongly flattened component, as a novel approach of extracting the phase-space distribution function for dark matter particles in the halo of spiral galaxies. We compare results obtained for realistic axisymmetric models to those in the spherical symmetric limit as assumed in previous analyses, showing the rather severe shortcomings in the latter. We then apply the scheme to the Milky Way and discuss the implications for the direct dark matter searches. In particular, we reinterpret the null results of the Xenon1T experiment for spin-(in)dependent interactions and make predictions for the annual modulation of the signal for a set of axisymmetric models, including a self-consistently defined co-rotating halo.