# Spin-2 and the Weak Gravity Conjecture

## TL;DR

This paper critiques recent claims linking the Weak Gravity Conjecture to spin-2 fields, clarifies the role of charge and scaling assumptions, and discusses implications for bigravity, massive gravity, and higher derivative theories.

## Contribution

It clarifies misconceptions about the WGC applied to spin-2 fields and explains why known theories naturally satisfy the conjecture without imposing new bounds.

## Key findings

- Bigravity theories satisfy a naive WGC bound due to weaker gravitational force.
- Massive gravity trivially satisfies the WGC in its naive form.
- Identification of massive spin-2 states in higher derivative theories is misleading.

## Abstract

Recently, it has been argued that application of the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) to spin-2 fields implies a universal upper bound on the cutoff of the effective theory for a single spin-2 field. We point out here that these arguments are largely spurious, because of the absence of states carrying spin-2 Stuckelberg $U(1)$ charge, and because of incorrect scaling assumptions. Known examples such as Kaluza-Klein theory that respect the usual WGC do so because of the existence of a genuine $U(1)$ field under which states are charged, as in the case of the Stuckelberg formulation of spin-1 theories, for which there is an unambiguously defined $U(1)$ charge. Theories of bigravity naturally satisfy a naive formulation of the WGC, $M_W< M_{\rm Pl}$, since the force of the massless graviton is always weaker than the massive spin-2 modes. It also follows that theories of massive gravity trivially satisfies this form of the WGC. We also point out that the identification of a massive spin-2 state in a truncated higher derivative theory, such as Einstein-Weyl-squared or its supergravity extension, bears no relationship with massive spin-2 states in the UV completion, contrary to previous statements in the literature. We also discuss the conjecture from a swampland perspective and show how the emergence of a universal upper bound on the cutoff relies on strong assumptions on the scale of the couplings between the spin-2 and other fields, an assumption which is known to be violated in explicit examples.