Formation of dark energy stars

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new time-dependent Einstein's field equations solution describing the collapse of a spherical system into a dark energy star, which avoids singularities and event horizons, expanding understanding of such exotic objects.

Contribution

It provides the first dynamic model of dark energy stars that avoids singularities and horizons, with implications for astrophysics and quantum gravity.

Findings

Solution describes non-singular collapse to dark energy core

No event horizons or singularities form during collapse

Model satisfies weak and null energy conditions

Abstract

Dark energy stars are finite size astrophysical objects with an interior equation of state typical of dark energy. Examples are self-gravitating false vacuum bubbles, vacuum non-singular black holes, and gravastars. We present a time-dependent solution of Einstein's field equations that describes the collapse of a spherical system from an initial state of positive pressure to a final state with a dark energy core. Our solution has no singularities, no event horizons, and does not violate the weak or null energy conditions.