Origin of the light cosmic ray component below the ankle

TL;DR

This paper investigates the origin of the light cosmic ray component below the ankle, proposing that photodisintegration of heavy nuclei near supermassive black holes in active galaxies explains the observed features and composition.

Contribution

It explores the scenario of cosmic ray photodisintegration in active galactic nuclei, providing a detailed model for the origin of the light component below the ankle.

Findings

Light component likely from photodisintegration of heavy nuclei near black holes.

Model explains the ankle as a result of source environment interactions.

Supports extragalactic origin of the light cosmic rays below the ankle.

Abstract

The origin and nature of the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays remains a mystery. However, considerable progress has been achieved in past years due to observations performed by the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array. Above $10^{18}$ eV the observed energy spectrum presents two features: a hardening of the slope at $\sim 10^{18.6}$ eV, which is known as the ankle, and a suppression at $\sim 10^{19.6}$ eV. The composition inferred from the experimental data, interpreted by using the current high energy hadronic interaction models, seems to be light below the ankle, showing a trend to heavier nuclei for increasing values of the primary energy. Also, the anisotropy information is consistent with an extragalactic origin of this light component that would dominate the spectrum below the ankle. Therefore, the models that explain the ankle as the transition from the galactic and extragalactic components are disfavored by present data. Recently, it has been proposed that this light component originates from the photodisintegration of more energetic and heavier nuclei in the source environment. The formation of the ankle can also be explained by this mechanism. In this work we study in detail this general scenario but in the context of the central region of active galaxies. In this case, the cosmic rays are accelerated near the supermassive black hole present in the central region of these types of galaxies, and the photodisintegration of heavy nuclei takes place in the radiation field that surrounds the supermassive black hole.