Lattice QCD Can Study Parton Distribution Function Inside Hadron

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that lattice QCD can be used to study the unphysical parton distribution functions inside hadrons by focusing on the unphysical energy of partons, rather than the physical hadron energy.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to use lattice QCD for studying PDFs by leveraging the unphysical energy of partons instead of the hadron's physical energy.

Findings

Lattice QCD can access parton distribution functions directly.

Unphysical parton energies are useful for studying PDFs.

Method bridges gap between lattice QCD and parton physics.

Abstract

Recently we have reported that the lattice QCD can not study the physical hadron formation from the unphysical quarks and gluons because it operates the unphysical QCD Hamiltonian of all the partons inside the hadron on the physical energy eigenstate of the hadron to obtain the physical energy eigenvalue of the hadron. However, since the parton distribution function (PDF) inside the hadron is unphysical (although it is well defined in QCD), we find in this paper that the unphysical energy of all the partons inside the hadron (instead of the physical energy of the hadron) can be used to study the PDF using the lattice QCD. Hence we find that the lattice QCD can study the parton distribution function inside the hadron from the first principle.