Improved multipath time delay estimation using cepstrum subtraction

TL;DR

This paper introduces a cepstrum subtraction technique that enhances multipath time delay estimation in underwater acoustics by suppressing extraneous cepstral components, demonstrated through real vessel transit data.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel cepstrum subtraction method that improves the accuracy of multipath time delay estimation in underwater acoustic environments.

Findings

Cepstrum subtraction doubles the accuracy of time delay estimates.

The technique effectively suppresses extraneous cepstral components.

Improved estimates aid in source localization in shallow water environments.

Abstract

When a motor-powered vessel travels past a fixed hydrophone in a multipath environment, a Lloyd's mirror constructive/destructive interference pattern is observed in the output spectrogram. The power cepstrum detects the periodic structure of the Lloyd's mirror pattern by generating a sequence of pulses (rahmonics) located at the fundamental quefrency (periodic time) and its multiples. This sequence is referred to here as the `rahmonic component' of the power cepstrum. The fundamental quefrency, which is the reciprocal of the frequency difference between adjacent interference fringes, equates to the multipath time delay. The other component of the power cepstrum is the non-rahmonic (extraneous) component, which combines with the rahmonic component to form the (total) power cepstrum. A data processing technique, termed `cepstrum subtraction', is described. This technique suppresses the extraneous component of the power cepstrum, leaving the rahmonic component that contains the desired multipath time delay information. This technique is applied to real acoustic recordings of motor-vessel transits in a shallow water environment, where the broadband noise radiated by the vessel arrives at the hydrophone via a direct ray path and a time-delayed multipath. The results show that cepstrum subtraction improves multipath time delay estimation by a factor of two for the at-sea experiment. keywords - time delay estimation, underwater acoustics, cepstrum, source localization, autocorrelation