Evolution of ultra-relativistic hollow-electron-beam wakefield drivers during their propagation in plasmas

TL;DR

This study uses simulations to analyze how ultra-relativistic hollow electron beams propagate in plasmas, revealing conditions for stable propagation crucial for positron acceleration.

Contribution

It demonstrates the stability conditions of hollow electron beams in plasmas and identifies parameters for their effective use in positron acceleration.

Findings

Small radius hollow beams collapse into the axis.

Large radius hollow beams can propagate stably for several meters.

Beam structure develops fish-bone like features during propagation.

Abstract

Ultra-relativistic hollow electron beams can drive plasma wakefields ($\sim$ GV/m) suitable for positron acceleration. Stable propagation of hollow electron beams for long distances in plasmas is required to accelerate positrons to high energies by these plasma wakefields. In this work, we show by quasi-static kinetic simulations using the code WAKE that an ultra-relativistic azimuthally-symmetric hollow electron beam propagates in a plasma by developing fish-bone like structure and shifting its bulk, differentially along its length (rear part fastest), towards its axis due to the decrease in the betatron time period of beam electrons from the beam-front to beam-rear. Hollow electron beams with small radius collapse into their axis due to the pull by the secondary wakefields generated by some of the beam electrons reaching the axis. Hollow beams with sufficiently large radius, however, can propagate stably in plasmas for several meters and be used for positron acceleration.