Relay self-oscillations for second order, stable, nonminimum phase plants

TL;DR

This paper analyzes a relay feedback system with a second order, stable, nonminimum phase plant, proving that all trajectories converge to a unique, symmetric, unimodal limit cycle, enhancing understanding of relay autotuning.

Contribution

The paper provides a rigorous mathematical analysis showing convergence to a unique limit cycle for relay feedback systems with specific second order plants, using contraction mapping and stability theory.

Findings

All trajectories converge to a unique limit cycle.

The limit cycle is symmetric and unimodal.

The analysis applies to plants with positive real zero and positive DC gain.

Abstract

We study a relay feedback system (RFS) having an ideal relay element and a linear, time-invariant, second order plant. We model the relay element using an ideal on-off switch. And we model the second order plant with a transfer function that: (i) is Hurwitz stable, (ii) is proper, (iii) has a positive real zero, and (iv) has a positive DC gain. We analyze this RFS using a state space description, with closed form expressions for the state trajectory from one switching time to the next. We prove that the state transformation from one switching time to the next: (a) has a Schur stable linearization, (b) is a contraction mapping, and (c) maps points of large magnitudes to points with lesser magnitudes. Then using the Banach contraction mapping theorem, we prove that every trajectory of this RFS converges asymptotically to an unique limit cycle. This limit cycle is symmetric, and is unimodal as it has exactly two relay switches per period. This result helps understand the behaviour of the relay autotuning method, when applied to second order plants with no time delay. We also treat cases where the plant either has no finite zero, or has exactly one zero and that is negative.