Out-of-equilibrium transport in the interacting resonant level model: the surprising relevance of the boundary sine-Gordon model

TL;DR

This study uses numerical methods to compare the transport properties of the interacting resonant level model with the boundary sine-Gordon model, revealing surprising similarities and differences in their low-voltage behavior and universality classes.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the IRLM's transport properties can be effectively described by the BSG model, while highlighting their distinct universality classes out of equilibrium.

Findings

IRLM's transport properties match BSG predictions in certain regimes

Effective tunneling charge is e in IRLM's IR regime, except at the self-dual point

Transport behavior in the crossover region remains unexplained

Abstract

Using time-dependent density matrix renormalization group calculations we study the transport properties ($I-V$ curves and shot noise) of the interacting resonant level model (IRLM) in a large range of the interaction parameter $U$, in the scaling limit. We find that these properties can be described remarkably well by those of the Boundary sine-Gordon model (BSG), which are known analytically (Fendley, Ludwig and Saleur, 1995). We argue that the two models are nevertheless in different universality classes out of equilibrium: this requires a delicate discussion of their infra-red (IR) properties ({\it i.e.} at low voltage), where we prove in particular that the effective tunneling charge is $e$ in the infra-red regime of the IRLM (except at the self-dual point where it jumps to $2e$), while it is known to be a continuously varying function of $U$ in the BSG. This behavior is confirmed by careful analysis of the numerical data in the IR. The remarkable agreement of the transport properties, especially in the crossover region, remains however unexplained.