Gravitational waveforms for high spin and high mass-ratio binary black holes: A synergistic use of numerical-relativity codes

TL;DR

This paper introduces a hybrid approach combining two numerical relativity codes to produce accurate gravitational waveforms for high spin, high mass-ratio binary black holes, aiding gravitational wave data analysis.

Contribution

It presents a novel method that synergistically combines the strengths of SpEC and ET codes to generate complete waveforms for challenging binary black hole configurations.

Findings

Successfully hybridized waveforms for high mass-ratio, high spin binaries.

Validated the hybrid method against existing waveforms.

Compared hybrid waveforms with analytical models used in LIGO/Virgo.

Abstract

Observation and characterisation of gravitational waves from binary black holes requires accurate knowledge of the expected waveforms. The late inspiral and merger phase of the waveform is obtained through direct numerical integration of the full 3-dimensional Einstein equations. The Spectral Einstein Code (SpEC) utilizes a multi-domain pseudo-spectral method tightly adapted to the geometry of the black holes; it is computationally efficient and accurate, but--for high mass-ratios and large spins--sometimes requires manual fine-tuning for the merger-phase of binaries. The Einstein Toolkit (ET) employs finite difference methods and the moving puncture technique; it is less computationally efficient, but highly robust. For some mergers with high mass ratio and large spins, the efficient numerical algorithms used in SpEC have failed, whereas the simpler algorithms used in the ET were successful. Given the urgent need of testing the accuracy of waveform models currently used in LIGO and Virgo inference analyses for high mass ratios and spins, we present here a synergistic approach to numerical-relativity: We combine SpEC and ET waveforms into complete inspiral-merger-ringdown waveforms, taking advantage of the computational efficiency of the pseudo-spectral code during the inspiral, and the robustness of the finite-difference code at the merger. We validate our method against a case where complete waveforms from both codes are available, compute three new hybrid numerical-relativity waveforms, and compare them with analytical waveform models currently used in LIGO and Virgo science. All the waveforms and the hybridization code are publicly available.