Charge density wave melting in one-dimensional wires with femtosecond sub-gap excitation

TL;DR

This study demonstrates ultrafast melting of charge density waves in one-dimensional indium wires using intense mid-infrared pulses, revealing a multi-photon absorption mechanism driving phase transition within picoseconds.

Contribution

It provides new insights into CDW melting via multi-photon excitation in low-dimensional systems, a regime less explored in prior research.

Findings

CDW gap filled within less than 300 fs

Phase transition completed in approximately 1 ps

Multi-photon absorption across the gap is the key mechanism

Abstract

Charge density waves (CDWs) are symmetry-broken ground states that commonly occur in low-dimensional metals due to strong electron-electron and/or electron-phonon coupling. The non-equilibrium carrier distribution established via photodoping with femtosecond laser pulses readily quenches these ground states and induces an ultrafast insulator-to-metal phase transition. To date, CDW melting has been mainly investigated in the single-photon and tunneling regimes, while the intermediate multi-photon regime has received little attention. Here we excite one-dimensional indium wires with a CDW gap of ~300meV with mid-infrared pulses at 190meV with MV/cm field strength and probe the transient electronic structure with time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (tr-ARPES). We find that the CDW gap is filled on a timescale short compared to our temporal resolution of 300fs and that the phase transition is completed within ~1ps. Supported by a minimal theoretical model we attribute our findings to multi-photon absorption across the CDW gap.