The open LPC Paul trap for precision measurements in beta decay

TL;DR

The paper presents the design, optimization, and performance of an open Paul trap used for high-precision beta decay measurements, enabling new tests of the Standard Model with radioactive ions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel open Paul trap geometry optimized for beta decay experiments and provides detailed performance analysis and modeling of ion cloud behavior.

Findings

Optimized trap geometry increases detection solid angle.

Measured trapping times and cloud properties match simulations.

The trap is suitable for precision tests of the Standard Model.

Abstract

The LPCTrap experiment uses an open Paul trap which was built to enable precision measurements in the beta decay of radioactive ions. The initial goal was the precise measurement of the beta-neutrino angular correlation coefficient in the decay of 6He. Its geometry results from a careful optimization of the harmonic potential created by cylindrical electrodes. It supersedes previously considered geometries that presented a smaller detection solid angle to the beta particle and the recoiling ion. We describe here the methods which were used for the potential optimization, and we present the measured performances in terms of trapping time, cloud size and temperature, and space charge related limits. The properties of the ion cloud at equilibrium are well reproduced by a simple numerical simulation using hard sphere collisions, which additionally gives insights on the trapping loss mechanism. The interpretation for the observed trapping liftetimes is further corroborated by a model recently developed for ion clouds in Paul traps. The open trap shall serve other projects. It is currently used for commissioning purpose in the TRAPSENSOR experiment and is also considered in tests of the Standard Model involving the beta decay of polarized $^{23}$Mg and $^{39}$Ca ion in the frame of the MORA experiment. The latter tests require in-trap polarization of the ions and further optimization of the trapping and detection setup. Based on the results of the simulations and of their interpretations given by the model, different improvements of the trapping setup are discussed.