STiC -- A multi-atom non-LTE PRD inversion code for full-Stokes solar observations

TL;DR

STiC is a new inversion code designed for analyzing full-Stokes solar observations, capable of handling multi-atom non-LTE effects and partial redistribution, enabling detailed modeling of the solar chromosphere.

Contribution

The paper introduces STiC, a novel inversion code that processes multiple spectral lines in non-LTE with partial redistribution, improving stability and regularization for chromospheric studies.

Findings

STiC effectively models chromospheric spectral lines with non-LTE effects.

The code demonstrates stable and accurate inversion results.

Regularization reduces artifacts in the reconstructed atmospheres.

Abstract

The inference of the underlying state of the plasma in the solar chromosphere remains extremely challenging because of the nonlocal character of the observed radiation and plasma conditions in this layer. Inversion methods allow us to derive a model atmosphere that can reproduce the observed spectra by undertaking several physical assumptions. The most advanced approaches involve a depth-stratified model atmosphere described by temperature, line-of-sight velocity, turbulent velocity, the three components of the magnetic field vector, and gas and electron pressure. The parameters of the radiative transfer equation are computed from a solid ground of physical principles. To apply these techniques to spectral lines that sample the chromosphere, NLTE effects must be included in the calculations. We developed a new inversion code STiC to study spectral lines that sample the upper chromosphere. The code is based the RH synthetis code, which we modified to make the inversions faster and more stable. For the first time, STiC facilitates the processing of lines from multiple atoms in non-LTE, also including partial redistribution effects. Furthermore, we include a regularization strategy that allows for model atmospheres with a complex stratification, without introducing artifacts in the reconstructed physical parameters, which are usually manifested in the form of oscillatory behavior. This approach takes steps toward a node-less inversion, in which the value of the physical parameters at each grid point can be considered a free parameter. In this paper we discuss the implementation of the aforementioned techniques, the description of the model atmosphere, and the optimizations that we applied to the code. We carry out some numerical experiments to show the performance of the code and the regularization techniques that we implemented. We made STiC publicly available to the community.