New measurement of pion directed flow relative to the spectator plane by the NA49 experiment at CERN

TL;DR

This paper presents a new measurement of negatively charged pion directed flow relative to the spectator plane in Pb+Pb collisions at 40A GeV, providing insights into collision dynamics and extending previous NA49 data.

Contribution

It introduces a novel measurement of pion directed flow relative to the spectator plane, expanding the understanding of flow phenomena at CERN SPS energies.

Findings

Extended NA49 data for pion directed flow $v_1$

Compared $v_1$ relative to spectator and participant planes

Complemented results from NA61/SHINE and STAR experiments

Abstract

We report a new measurement of negatively charged pion directed flow $v_1$ relative to the spectator plane for Pb+Pb collisions at the beam energy 40A GeV recorded by the NA49 experiment at CERN. $v_1$ is reported as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum in different classes of collision centrality. The projectile spectator plane is estimated using transverse segmentation of the NA49 forward hadron calorimeter. The new results extend the NA49 data for $v_1$, which was previously measured only relative to the participant plane, and complement recent preliminary data by the NA61/SHINE collaboration and published results from the STAR at RHIC beam energy scan program.