A Comprehensive Survey on Networking over TV White Spaces
Mahbubur Rahman, Abusayeed Saifullah

TL;DR
This survey reviews the state of networking over TV white spaces, highlighting their advantages, applications, challenges, and future research directions in wireless communication.
Contribution
It provides the first comprehensive review and comparative analysis of TV white space networking research, covering technical challenges and future prospects.
Findings
TV white spaces enable long-range, high-bandwidth wireless communication.
Key challenges include interference management, spectrum fragmentation, and security.
Future research should focus on addressing these challenges for practical deployment.
Abstract
TV white spaces refer to the allocated but locally unused TV spectrum and can be used by unlicensed devices as secondary users. Thanks to their lower frequencies (e.g., 54 -- 698 MHz in the US), communication over the TV spectrum has excellent propagation characteristics over long distances and through obstacles. These characteristics along with their wide availability make the TV white spaces a great choice and alternative to many existing wireless technologies, especially the ones that need long range and high bandwidth communication. In the last decade, there have been numerous efforts from academia, industries, and standards bodies for exploiting the potentials of the TV white spaces for several applications including wireless broadband Internet access. Their characteristics and features also hold potentials for many new applications including sensing and monitoring, Internet of…
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