Narrow Transient Absorptions in Late-Time Optical Spectra of Type Ia Supernovae: Evidence for Large Clumps of Iron-Rich Ejecta?

TL;DR

This study identifies narrow, transient absorption features in late-time optical spectra of Type Ia supernovae, suggesting the presence of large iron-rich ejecta clumps, which challenges existing models of supernova ejecta distribution.

Contribution

It provides the first evidence of persistent narrow absorption features in late-time spectra of SNe Ia, indicating large clumps of iron-rich ejecta and offering new insights into supernova ejecta morphology.

Findings

Narrow absorption features are observed in late-time spectra of multiple SNe Ia.

Features remain at fixed wavelengths for individual supernovae but vary between objects.

Features are transient, appearing and fading over one to three months.

Abstract

An examination of late-time, optical spectra of type Ia supernovae revealed surprisingly narrow absorption features which only become visible a few months after maximum light. These features, most clearly seen in the late-time spectra of the bright, recent type Ia supernovae ASASSN-14lp and SN 2017bzc, appear as narrow absorptions at ~4840 A, ~5000 A, and as a sharp inflection at ~4760 A on the red side of the prominent late-time 4700 A feature. A survey of on-line archival data revealed similar features present in the spectra of ten other normal and 91T-like SNe Ia, including SN 2011fe. Unlike blue spectral features which exhibit progressive red-ward shifts, these narrow absorptions remain at the same wavelength from epoch to epoch for an individual SN, but can appear at slightly different wavelengths for each object. These features are also transient, appearing and then fading in one to three months. After ruling out instrumental, data reduction, and atmospheric affects, we discuss possible explanations including progenitor mass-loss material, interaction with material from previous novae events, and absorption by large discrete clumps of high-velocity Fe-rich ejecta.