Extreme enhancement of spin relaxation mediated by surface magnon polaritons

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that surface magnon polaritons in magnetic materials can dramatically enhance spin relaxation rates, enabling control over magnetic light-matter interactions at THz frequencies with potential applications in polaritonics.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach using magnetic surface polaritons to significantly boost magnetic dipole transitions, surpassing previous electric polariton limitations.

Findings

Achieved over 10,000-fold confinement of magnetic polaritons.

Enhanced spin-flip transition rates from yearly to sub-millisecond timescales.

Proposed a new platform for THz polaritonics and magnetic light-matter interaction control.

Abstract

Polaritons in metals, semimetals, semiconductors, and polar insulators, with their extreme confinement of electromagnetic energy, provide many promising opportunities for enhancing typically weak light-matter interactions such as multipolar radiation, multiphoton spontaneous emission, Raman scattering, and material nonlinearities. These highly confined polaritons are quasi-electrostatic in nature, with most of their energy residing in the electric field. As a result, these "electric" polaritons are far from optimized for enhancing emission of a magnetic nature, such as spin relaxation, which is typically many orders of magnitude slower than corresponding electric decays. Here, we propose using surface magnon polaritons in negative magnetic permeability materials such as MnF$_2$ and FeF$_2$ to strongly enhance spin-relaxation in nearby emitters in the THz spectral range. We find that these magnetic polaritons in 100 nm thin-films can be confined to lengths over 10,000 times smaller than the wavelength of a photon at the same frequency, allowing for a surprising twelve orders of magnitude enhancement in magnetic dipole transitions. This takes THz spin-flip transitions, which normally occur at timescales on the order of a year, and forces them to occur at sub-ms timescales. Our results suggest an interesting platform for polaritonics at THz frequencies, and more broadly, a new way to use polaritons to control light-matter interactions.