Intrinsic structural instabilities of domain walls driven by gradient couplings: meandering anferrodistortive-ferroelectric domain walls in BiFeO3

TL;DR

This study predicts intrinsic instabilities in ferroelectric-ferroelastic domain walls in BiFeO3 caused by gradient couplings, revealing how wall meandering depends on material parameters and gradient energies, with implications for multiferroic behavior.

Contribution

The paper introduces a Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire model predicting intrinsic domain wall instabilities in BiFeO3 arising from gradient couplings, a novel insight into wall behavior independent of extrinsic effects.

Findings

Meandering instability appears at 109° and 180° walls for small gradient energies.

Higher gradient energies lead to straighter, broader domain walls.

Uncharged 71° walls remain straight and widen with increased tilt gradient.

Abstract

Using Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire approach, we predict the intrinsic instability of the ferroelectric-ferroelastic domain walls in the multiferroic BiFeO3 emerging from the interplay between the gradient terms of the antiferrodistortive and ferroelectric order parameters at the walls. These instabilities are the interface analogue of the structural instabilities in the vicinity of phase coexistence in the bulk; and so they do not steam from incomplete polarization screening in thin films or its spatial confinement, electrostrictive or flexoelectric coupling. The effect of BiFeO3 material parameters on the 71 degree, 109 degree, and 180 degree walls is explored, and it is shown that the meandering instability appears at 109 degree, and 180 degree walls for small gradient energies, and the walls become straight and broaden for higher gradients. In contrast to the 180 degree and 109 degree domain walls, uncharged 71 degree walls are always straight, and their width increases with increasing the tilt gradient coefficient. The wall instability and associated intrinsic meandering provide a new insight into the behavior of morphotropic and relaxor materials, wall pinning, and mechanisms of interactions between order parameter fields and local microstructure.