Alkaline earth atoms in optical tweezers

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates advanced control and imaging of individual alkaline earth atoms in optical tweezers, including cooling, high-fidelity imaging, and precise measurements, enabling new quantum technologies.

Contribution

It introduces a novel narrow-line Sisyphus cooling mechanism, achieves near-ground-state cooling, and identifies a more accurate branching ratio for strontium-88, advancing atomic control techniques.

Findings

High-fidelity single-atom imaging achieved

Demonstrated narrow-line Sisyphus cooling applicable broadly

Identified a larger branching ratio from $^1$P$_1$ to $^1$D$_2$

Abstract

We demonstrate single-shot imaging and narrow-line cooling of individual alkaline earth atoms in optical tweezers; specifically, strontium-88 atoms trapped in $515.2~\text{nm}$ light. We achieve high-fidelity single-atom-resolved imaging by detecting photons from the broad singlet transition while cooling on the narrow intercombination line, and extend this technique to highly uniform two-dimensional arrays of $121$ tweezers. Cooling during imaging is based on a previously unobserved narrow-line Sisyphus mechanism, which we predict to be applicable in a wide variety of experimental situations. Further, we demonstrate optically resolved sideband cooling of a single atom close to the motional ground state of a tweezer. Precise determination of losses during imaging indicate that the branching ratio from $^1$P$_1$ to $^1$D$_2$ is more than a factor of two larger than commonly quoted, a discrepancy also predicted by our ab initio calculations. We also measure the differential polarizability of the intercombination line in a $515.2~\text{nm}$ tweezer and achieve a magic-trapping configuration by tuning the tweezer polarization from linear to elliptical. We present calculations, in agreement with our results, which predict a magic crossing for linear polarization at $520(2)~\text{nm}$ and a crossing independent of polarization at 500.65(50)nm. Our results pave the way for a wide range of novel experimental avenues based on individually controlled alkaline earth atoms in tweezers -- from fundamental experiments in atomic physics to quantum computing, simulation, and metrology implementations.