An upscaled model for permeable biofilm in a thin channel and tube

TL;DR

This paper develops and validates upscaled mathematical models for permeable biofilm growth in thin channels and tubes, linking pore-scale dynamics to macro-scale behavior using homogenization techniques.

Contribution

It introduces novel upscaled equations for multi-species biofilm in porous media, incorporating flow, transport, detachment, and reactions, derived via homogenization.

Findings

Upscaled models accurately predict biofilm coverage over time.

Derived porosity-permeability relations align with empirical data.

Numerical results demonstrate model effectiveness in different geometries.

Abstract

In this paper, we derive upscaled equations for modelling biofilm growth in porous media. The resulting macro-scale mathematical models consider permeable multi-species biofilm including water flow, transport, detachment and reactions. The biofilm is composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), water, active bacteria and dead bacteria. The free flow is described by the Stokes and continuity equations and the water flux inside the biofilm by the Brinkman and continuity equations. The nutrients are transported in the water phase by convection and diffusion. This pore-scale model includes variations of the biofilm composition and size due to reproduction of bacteria, production of EPS, death of bacteria and shear forces. The model includes a water-biofilm interface between the free flow and the biofilm. Homogenization techniques are applied to obtain upscaled models in a thin channel and a tube, by investigating the limit as the ratio of the aperture to the length $\varepsilon$ of both geometries approaches to zero. As $\varepsilon$ gets smaller, we obtain that the percentage of biofilm coverage area over time predicted by the pore-scale model approaches the one obtained using the effective equations, which shows a correspondence between both models. The two derived porosity-permeability relations are compared to two empirical relations from the literature. The resulting numerical computations are presented to compare the outcome of the effective (upscaled) models for the two mentioned geometries.