Classification of spherical tilings by congruent quadrangles over pseudo-double wheels (II)

TL;DR

This paper classifies specific spherical tilings by congruent quadrangles with pseudo-double wheel skeletons, revealing unique non-congruent tilings and the algebraic conditions governing their structure.

Contribution

It provides a complete classification of edge-to-edge spherical isohedral quadrilateral tilings over pseudo-double wheels, including algebraic characterizations and existence of non-isohedral tilings.

Findings

Two non-congruent tilings with same skeleton and angles.

Existence of a quadratic equation with double solutions.

Identification of non-isohedral tilings over the same skeleton.

Abstract

We classify all edge-to-edge spherical isohedral 4-gonal tilings such that the skeletons are pseudo-double wheels. For this, we characterize these spherical tilings by a quadratic equation for the cosine of an edge-length. By the classification, we see: there are indeed two non-congruent, edge-to-edge spherical isohedral 4-gonal tilings such that the skeletons are the same pseudo-double wheel and the cyclic list of the four inner angles of the tiles are the same. This contrasts with that every edge-to-edge spherical tiling by congruent 3-gons is determined by the skeleton and the inner angles of the skeleton. We show that for a particular spherical isohedral tiling over the pseudo-double wheel of twelve faces, the quadratic equation has a double solution and the copies of the tile also organize a spherical non-isohedral tiling over the same skeleton.