Cosmological Inflation from the dark Universe

TL;DR

This paper explores a variable cosmological term's effects on the universe's evolution, showing it can address dark matter, dark energy, and early universe problems without additional fields or speculative physics.

Contribution

It introduces a new form of the cosmological term that simultaneously explains dark matter, dark energy, and solves fundamental cosmological problems without scalar fields.

Findings

The variable $\Lambda(a)$ can mimic dark matter and dark energy behaviors.

The additional term $\Lambda_2 a^{-s}$ addresses flatness, horizon, and monopole problems.

The approach naturally incorporates the imaginary time concept.

Abstract

The present work deals with the cosmological consequences of the variable cosmological term $\Lambda(a)=\Lambda_0 + \Lambda_1 a^{-r} + \Lambda_2 a^{-s},$ where $a$ is the scale factor of the Robertson-Walker space-time. An analysis of the parameters $\Lambda_1,\Lambda_2,r,s$ and $\alpha,$ which describes the interaction between the cosmological constant and non-relativistic matter/radiation, leads to an attractive density $\rho_{\text{dm}} \sim a^{-r}$ and a repulsive density $\rho_{\text{infl}} \sim a^{-s}.$ As already known from literature, an approach of the form $\Lambda(a)=\Lambda_0 + \Lambda_1 a^{-r}$ and the identification of the energy density of space-time expansion with the zero-point density can avoid the scale discrepancy of the cosmological constant problem and solve the missing mass problem of dark matter. Furthermore, this works demonstrates that the additional term $\Lambda_2 a^{-s}$ solves the flatness, the horizon and the magnetic-monopole problem without a hypothetical scalar field, which avoids speculations about the origin of this field. As a consequence, the imaginary time concept from Hartle and Hawking appears naturally.