Parallel multicomponent interferometer with a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a parallel multicomponent atom interferometer using a spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensate of rubidium-87, achieving high-visibility interference patterns across multiple hyperfine states for potential precision measurements.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method to realize a multicomponent interferometer with stable relative phases, despite phase shifts in individual spins, advancing quantum measurement techniques.

Findings

Observed four spatial interference patterns in a single measurement run.

Controlled populations in hyperfine states using magnetic-field-pulse induced Majorana transitions.

Achieved high visibility interference fringes through optimized wave packet overlap.

Abstract

Atom interferometry with high visibility is of high demand for precision measurements. Here, a parallel multicomponent interferometer is achieved by preparing a spin-$2$ Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{87}$Rb atoms confined in a hybrid magneto-optical trap. After the preparation of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate with spin degrees of freedom entangled, we observe four spatial interference patterns in each run of measurements corresponding to four hyperfine states we mainly populate in the experiment. The atomic populations in different Zeeman sublevels are made controllably using magnetic-field-pulse induced Majorana transitions. The spatial separation of atom cloud in different hyperfine states is reached by Stern-Gerlach momentum splitting. The high visibility of the interference fringes is reached by designing a proper overlap of the interfering wave packets. Due to uncontrollable phase accumulation in Majorana transitions, the phase of each individual spin is found to be subjected to unreproducible shift in multiple experimental runs. However, the relative phase across different spins is stable, paving a way towards noise-resilient multicomponent parallel interferometers.