Generalization of the output of variational quantum eigensolver by parameter interpolation with low-depth ansatz

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to generalize variational quantum eigensolver outputs across different Hamiltonians by interpolating circuit parameters, significantly reducing computation time for finding ground states in quantum systems.

Contribution

The authors introduce a parameter interpolation technique for VQE, enabling prediction of ground states for multiple Hamiltonians with minimal additional optimization.

Findings

Interpolation of circuit parameters yields near-optimal ground states.

Method reduces VQE computation time by several orders of magnitude.

Generalized ansatz can predict ground states without re-optimization.

Abstract

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is an attracting possible application of near-term quantum computers. Originally, the aim of the VQE is to find a ground state for a given specific Hamiltonian. It is achieved by minimizing the expectation value of the Hamiltonian with respect to an ansatz state by tuning parameters \(\bm{\theta}\) on a quantum circuit which constructs the ansatz. Here we consider an extended problem of the VQE, namely, our objective in this work is to "generalize" the optimized output of the VQE just like machine learning. We aim to find ground states for a given set of Hamiltonians \(\{H(\bm{x})\}\), where \(\bm{x}\) is a parameter which specifies the quantum system under consideration, such as geometries of atoms of a molecule. Our approach is to train the circuit on the small number of \(\bm{x}\)'s. Specifically, we employ the interpolation of the optimal circuit parameter determined at different \(\bm{x}\)'s, assuming that the circuit parameter \(\bm{\theta}\) has simple dependency on a hidden parameter \(\bm{x}\) as \(\bm{\theta}(\bm{x})\). We show by numerical simulations that, using an ansatz which we call the Hamiltonian-alternating ansatz, the optimal circuit parameters can be interpolated to give near-optimal ground states in between the trained \(\bm{x}\)'s. The proposed method can greatly reduce, on a rough estimation by a few orders of magnitude, the time required to obtain ground states for different Hamiltonians by the VQE. Once generalized, the ansatz circuit can predict the ground state without optimizing the circuit parameter \(\bm{\theta}\) in a certain range of \(\bm{x}\).