Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer. Quantum and Doppler corrections caused by the finite pulses' durations

TL;DR

This paper develops a new theoretical approach to analyze Mach-Zehnder atom interferometers, accounting for quantum and Doppler effects caused by finite pulse durations, and derives equations for atomic density matrix elements.

Contribution

It introduces a novel theoretical framework for atom-light interactions in interferometers, including phase corrections due to finite pulse durations and effective wavelengths.

Findings

Derived equations for atomic density matrix elements in the Wigner representation.

Calculated the interferometric excitation of atoms considering pulse duration effects.

Presented solutions involving linear phase corrections for rectangular pulses.

Abstract

A new approach to the theory of atoms' interaction with chirped Raman pulses is developed. When the pulses have sufficiently close effective wave lengths, which are smaller than the atomic cloud size, equations for the family of the matrix elements of the atomic density matrix in the Wigner representation are derived. The solution, involving linear (in the pulse duration) phase corrections, is obtained for the rectangular pulse. The interferometric part of the atoms' excitation is calculated.