Paired exciton condensate and topological charge-$4e$ composite fermion pairing in half-filled quantum Hall bilayers

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new paired exciton condensate phase in half-filled quantum Hall bilayers at intermediate layer spacing, characterized by unique topological properties and experimental signatures, extending understanding of quantum Hall states.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical model for paired exciton condensation, revealing a topological charge-4e composite fermion pairing phase in quantum Hall bilayers.

Findings

Identification of a critical layer spacing $d_{c1} \\approx 0.95 l_B$ where single-boson condensate vanishes.

Prediction of a paired-exciton condensate phase with nonzero pair condensate $\\langle bb \\rangle$.

Derivation of topological properties including fractional charge and statistics of excitations.

Abstract

Half-filled Landau levels admit the theoretically powerful fermion-vortex duality but longstanding puzzles remain in their experimental realization as $\nu_T=1$ quantum Hall bilayers, further complicated by Zheng et al's recent numerical discovery of an unknown phase at intermediate layer spacing. Here we propose that half-filled quantum Hall bilayers ($\nu_T=1$) at intermediate values of the interlayer distance $d/\ell_B$ enter a phase with \textit{paired exciton condensation}. This phase shows signatures analogous to the condensate of interlayer excitons (electrons bound to opposite-layer holes) well-known for small $d$ but importantly condenses only exciton pairs. To study it theoretically we derive an effective Hamiltonian for bosonic excitons $b_k$ and show that the single-boson condensate suddenly vanishes for $d$ above a critical $d_{c1} \approx 0.95 l_B$. The nonzero condensation fraction $n_0=\langle b(0) \rangle ^2$ at $d_{c1}$ suggests that the phase stiffness remains nonzero for a range of $d>d_{c1}$ via an intermediate phase of paired-exciton condensation, exhibiting $\langle bb \rangle \neq 0$ while $\langle b \rangle =0$. Motivated by these results we derive a $K$-matrix description of the paired exciton condensate's topological properties from composite boson theory. The elementary charged excitation is a half meron with $\frac{1}{4}$ charge and fractional self-statistics $\theta_s=\frac{\pi}{16}$. Finally we argue for an equivalent description via the $d=\infty$ limit through topological charge-$4e$ pairing of composite fermions. We suggest graphene double layers should access this phase and propose various experimental signatures, including an Ising transition $T_{Ising}$ below the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition $T_{BKT}$ at $d \sim d_{c1}$.