Potential for biomedical applications of Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS)

TL;DR

This paper explores the potential of Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) for biomedical applications, particularly in distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells at the nano-scale, using advanced PET imaging techniques.

Contribution

It proposes using PALS to detect nano-scale structural differences in cells, enabling early cancer detection alongside traditional PET imaging.

Findings

PALS can identify nano-scale differences between normal and cancer cells.

Combined PALS and PET imaging can improve early cancer diagnosis.

The J-PET system facilitates simultaneous biomechanical and molecular imaging.

Abstract

Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) allows examining structure of materials in nano and sub-nanometer scale. This technique is based on the lifetime and intensity of ortho-positronium atoms in free volumes of given structures. It is mostly used for studies in material sciences, but it can also be used for in vivo imaging of the cell morphology as proposed in [1], [2]. Cancer cells are characterized by an altered macro structure in comparison to normal cells, thus the main objective of these studies is to compare if these differences can be detected on sub-nanometer level and therefore allows to distinguish between normal and cancer cells with application of PALS technique. This perspective will allow for simultaneous determination of early and advanced stages of carcinogenesis, by observing changes in biomechanical parameters between normal and tumour cells, and standard PET examination. Such simultaneous PET imaging and PALS investigations can be performed with the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) which is a multi-purpose detector used for investigations with positronium atoms in life-sciences as well as for development of medical diagnostics.