Thermodynamics of inhomogenous imperfect quantum gases in harmonic traps

TL;DR

This paper investigates the thermodynamic behavior of inhomogeneous imperfect quantum gases in harmonic traps, revealing conditions for Bose-Einstein condensation and a thermodynamic equivalence between attractive fermions and repulsive bosons in certain dimensions.

Contribution

It introduces a mean-field model for inhomogeneous quantum gases in harmonic traps and establishes a thermodynamic equivalence between attractive fermions and repulsive bosons under specific conditions.

Findings

Bose-Einstein condensation occurs for d>1 in the model.

Attractive fermions are thermodynamically equivalent to repulsive bosons in 1D.

The model relates to a long-range interparticle potential with vanishing amplitude.

Abstract

We discuss thermodynamic properties of harmonically trapped imperfect quantum gases. The spatial inhomogeneity of these systems imposes a redefinition of the mean-field interparticle potential energy as compared to the homogeneous case. In our approach, it takes the form $\frac{a}{2} N^2 \, \omega^d$, where $N$ is the number of particles, $\omega$ - the harmonic trap frequency, $d$ - system's dimensionality, and $a$ is a parameter characterizing the interparticle interaction. We provide arguments that this model corresponds to the limiting case of a long-ranged interparticle potential of vanishingly small amplitude. This conclusion is drawn from a computation similar to the well-known Kac scaling procedure, which is presented here in a form adapted to the case of an isotropic harmonic trap. We show that within our model, the imperfect gas of trapped repulsive bosons undergoes the Bose-Einstein condensation provided $d>1$. The main result of our analysis is that in $d=1$ the gas of attractive imperfect fermions with $a=-a_{F}<0$ is thermodynamically equivalent to the gas of repulsive bosons with $a=a_{B}>0$ provided the parameters $a_{F}$ and $a_{B}$ fulfill the relation $a_{B}+a_{F}=\hbar$. This result supplements similar recent conclusion about thermodynamic equivalence of two-dimensional uniform imperfect repulsive Bose and attractive Fermi gases.