Luttinger liquid and charge-density-wave phases in a spinless fermion wire on a semiconducting substrate

TL;DR

This study models a spinless fermion wire on a semiconducting substrate using a narrow ladder approximation, revealing phases like Luttinger liquid and charge-density-wave, and analyzing phase transitions influenced by wire-substrate coupling.

Contribution

It introduces a systematic analysis of a 3D wire-substrate system via a narrow ladder model, confirming the phases and phase transitions with increasing ladder legs.

Findings

Identification of three ground-state phases: Luttinger liquid, CDW insulator, band insulator.

Confirmation that the narrow ladder model accurately approximates the quasi-1D phases.

Observation that substrate coupling stabilizes the Luttinger liquid phase.

Abstract

An interacting spinless fermion wire coupled to a three-dimensional (3D) semiconducting substrate is approximated by a narrow ladder model (NLM) with varying number of legs. We compute density distributions, gaps, charge-density-wave (CDW) order parameters, correlation functions, and the central charge using the density-matrix renormalization group method. Three ground-state phases are observed: a one-component Luttinger liquid, a quasi-one-dimensional (1D) CDW insulator, and a band insulator. We investigated the convergence of the NLM properties with increasing number of legs systematically and confirm that the NLM is a good approximation for the quasi-1D phases (Luttinger liquid and CDW) of the 3D wire-substrate model. The quantum phase transitions between these phases are investigated as function of the coupling between wire and substrate. The critical nearest-neighbor interaction increases with increasing coupling between wire and substrate and thus the substrate stabilizes the Luttinger liquid in the wire. Our study confirms that a Luttinger liquid or CDW insulator phase could occur in the low-energy properties of atomic wires deposited on semiconducting substrates.