Jamming by growth

TL;DR

This paper uses numerical simulations to show how mechanical feedback in growing cellular populations causes increased rigidity and altered mechanical properties, revealing a simple mechanism for living systems to tune their collective mechanics.

Contribution

It demonstrates how feedback from mechanical stress influences growth patterns and mechanical properties in jammed cellular populations, a novel insight into tissue mechanics.

Findings

Feedback directs growth to poorly-coordinated regions.

Cell packings exhibit large shear and bulk moduli.

Mechanical feedback tunes population-level rigidity.

Abstract

Growth in confined spaces can drive cellular populations through a jamming transition from a fluid-like state to a solid-like state. Experiments have found that jammed budding yeast populations can build up extreme compressive pressures (over 1MPa), which in turn feed back onto cellular physiology by slowing or even stalling cell growth. Using extensive numerical simulations, we investigate how this feedback impacts the mechanical properties of model jammed cellular populations. We find that feedback directs growth toward poorly-coordinated regions, resulting in an excess number of cell-cell contacts that rigidify cell packings. Cell packings posses anomalously large shear and bulk moduli that depend sensitively on the strength of feedback. These results demonstrate that mechanical feedback on the single-cell level is a simple mechanism by which living systems can tune their population-level mechanical properties.