Modular structures and extended-modular-group-structures after Hecke pairs

TL;DR

This paper explores the structures of modular and extended-modular groups related to arithmetical and non-arithmetical groups, analyzing their geometric, algebraic, and physical properties, including implications for quantum particles and non-local interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a framework for understanding modular structures beyond traditional groups, including Hecke pairs and non-arithmetical groups, with applications to quantum physics and geometric analysis.

Findings

Modular structures can be analyzed using Hecke pairs and intertwining operators.

The representation of Poincaré invariance is compatible with non-local interactions.

Classification of equations based on modular curve genus is possible.

Abstract

The simplices and the complexes arsing form the grading of the fundamental (desymmetrized) domain of arithmetical groups and non-arithmetical groups, as well as their extended (symmetrized) ones are described also for oriented manifolds in dim greater than 2. The conditions for the definition of fibers are summarized after Hamiltonian analysis, the latters can in some cases be reduced to those for sections for graded groups, such as the Picard groups and the Vinberg group.The cases for which modular structures rather than modular-groupstructure measures can be analyzed for non-arithmetic groups, i.e. also in the cases for which Gelfand triples (rigged spaces) have to be substituted by Hecke couples, as, for Hecke groups, the existence of intertwining operators after the calculation of the second commutator within the Haar measures for the operators of the correspondingly-generated C-[star] algebras is straightforward. The results hold also for (also non-abstract) groups with measures on (manifold) boundaries. The Poincar\'e invariance of the representation of Wigner-Bargmann (spin 1/2) particles is analyzed within the Fock-space interaction representation. The well-posed-ness of initial conditions and boundary ones for the connected (families of) equations is discussed. As an example, Picard-related equations can be classified according to the genus of the modular curve(s) attached to the solutions(s). From the Hamiltonian analysis, further results in the contraction of the congruence (extended sub-)groups for non-arithmetical groups for the construction of tori is provided as an alternative to the free diffeomorphism group. In addition, the presence of Poincar\'e complexes is found compatible with non-local interactions, i.e. both lattices interactions or spin-like ones.