The XXL Survey : XXVI. Optical and near-infrared identifications of the ATCA 2.1 GHz radio sources in the XXL-S Field

TL;DR

This study provides a comprehensive multi-wavelength catalog of over 4,770 radio sources in the XXL-S field, using optical, NIR, and X-ray data to identify counterparts and analyze their properties.

Contribution

It introduces a modified likelihood ratio technique for optical/NIR identification, achieving a large-scale multi-wavelength catalog of radio sources in the XXL-S field.

Findings

77% of radio sources have optical/NIR counterparts

414 sources also have X-ray counterparts

Identification fraction depends on optical/NIR data depth

Abstract

In this paper we present the optical, near-infrared (NIR) and X-ray identifications of the 6287 radio sources detected in the 2.1 GHz deep radio survey down to a median rms of ~ 41microJy/beam obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in the XXL-S field. The goal of this paper is to provide a multi wavelength catalogue of the counterparts of the radio sources to be used in further studies. For the optical and NIR identification of the radio sources, we used the likelihood ratio (LR) technique, slightly modified in order to take into account the presence of a large number of relatively bright counterparts close to the radio sources. This procedure led to the identification of optical/NIR counterparts for 4770 different radio sources (~77% of the whole radio sample), 414 of which also have an X-ray counterpart. This fraction of identification is in agreement with previous radio-optical association studies at a similar optical magnitude depth, but is relatively low in comparison to recent work conducted in other radio fields using deeper optical and NIR data. The analysis of optical and NIR properties of radio sources shows that, regardless of the radio flux limit of a radio survey, the nature of the identified sources is strongly dependent on the depth of the optical/NIR used in the identification process. Only with deep enough optical/NIR data will we be able to identify a significant fraction of radio sources with red (z_{DEC}-K) counterparts whose radio emission is dominated by nuclear activity rather than starburst activity.