Interference properties of two-component matter wave solitons

TL;DR

This paper explores the interference properties of two-component matter wave solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing unique behaviors and potential applications in matter wave interferometry.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of interference patterns in two-component solitons, highlighting differences from scalar solitons and proposing experimental measurement techniques.

Findings

Dark solitons exhibit interference and tunneling, unlike scalar dark solitons.

Interference patterns depend on soliton velocities and widths.

Interference effects can induce short-time density humps during collisions.

Abstract

The wave properties of solitons in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with attractive interactions or repulsive interactions are investigated in detail. We demonstrate that dark solitons in one of component admit interference and tunneling behaviour, in sharp contrast to the scalar dark solitons and vector dark solitons. The analytic analysis of interference properties shows that spatial interference pattern is determined by the relative velocity of solitons, while temporal interference pattern depends on the velocities and widths of two solitons, differing from the interference properties of scalar bright solitons. Especially, for attractive interactions system, we show that interference effects can induce some short-time density humps (whose densities are higher than background density) during the collision process of dark solitons. Moreover, the maximum hump value is remarkably sensitive to the variation of the solitons' parameters. For repulsive interactions system, the temporal-spatial interference periods have lower limits. Numerical simulations results suggest that interference patterns for dark-bright solitons are more robust against noises than bright-dark solitons. These explicit interference properties can be used to measure the velocities and widths of solitons. It is expected that these interference behaviour can be observed experimentally and could be used to design matter wave soliton interferometry in vector systems.