Effect of contact location on the crushing strength of aggregates

TL;DR

This study investigates how the position and number of contact points affect the crushing strength and fracture patterns of granular particles through experiments and discrete modeling, revealing significant influence of contact orientation.

Contribution

It combines experimental drop weight tests with a novel discrete Voronoi tessellation model to analyze contact location effects on particle fracture behavior.

Findings

Crack patterns depend on contact orientation, with diametrical and Y-shaped fractures observed.

Particle strength increases with the number of contact points.

Impact angle significantly influences the energy required for fracture.

Abstract

This work deals with the effect of the contact location distribution on the crushing of granular materials. At first, a simple drop weight experiment was designed in order to study the effect of the location of three contact edges on the fracture pattern and the strength of a model cylindrical particle. The sample was placed on two bottom contact edges symmetrically distributed with reference to the vertical symmetry plane of the particle and subjected to an impact at the top. Angle $\alpha$ between the plane connecting a bottom contact edge to the centerline of the cylinder and a vertical plane was varied. The energy required to fracture the particle was shown to be an increasing function of angle $\alpha$. Peculiar crack patterns were also observed. Then, we present a discrete model of grain fracture based on the work of Neveu et al. (2016) and employ it for a numerical analysis of the problem. The cylindrical particle is discretized by means of a space filling Vorono\"i tessellation, and submitted to a compression test for different values of angle $\alpha$. In agreement with experiments, simulations predict a strong effect of the contact orientation on the strength of the particle as well as similar fracture patterns. The effect of the number of contacts is also explored and the importance of a potential pre-load is emphasized. We show that the fracture pattern: (i) is diametrical in case of diametrically opposed edges, (ii) has an inverted Y-shape in the case of three or four edges. Interestingly, in the latter case, if one of the lateral edges is slightly shifted, the fracture initiates and even propagates diametrically. Furthermore, the particle strength increases with the number of contacts.