Form factors for pions couplings to constituent quarks under weak magnetic field

TL;DR

This paper derives electromagnetic form factors for pions interacting with constituent quarks under a weak magnetic field, revealing anisotropic corrections and symmetry-breaking couplings with finite, calculable effects.

Contribution

It introduces a nonperturbative approach to compute pion-quark form factors considering weak magnetic field effects, including novel symmetry-breaking couplings.

Findings

Magnetic field induces anisotropic corrections to form factors.

Corrections are finite and scale with the magnetic field strength.

New couplings breaking chiral and isospin symmetry are identified.

Abstract

By considering a one loop background field method for a nonperturbative one gluon exchange between quarks, leading electromagnetic form factors of pion couplings to constituent quarks are derived by means of from a large quark and gluon effective masses expansion. With this calculation the leading anisotropic corrections induced by a weak magnetic field for the pion-constituent quark form factors are obtained. Besides that, few effective couplings which emerge only due to the weak magnetic field that break chiral and isospin symmetry are also found. Numerical estimations for these magnetic field corrections are presented for two different nonperturbative gluon propagators. All of these corrections are ultraviolet finite and their relative values are found to be of order of $(eB_0/{M^*}^2)^n$ being $n=1$ for the vector and axial pion couplings and $n=2$ for the pseudoscalar and scalar ones. The corresponding anisotropic corrections to the Strong averaged quadratic radii in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field are also calculated as functions of the quark effective mass.