Single phase and correlated phase estimation with multi-photon annihilated squeezed vacuum states: An energy balancing scenario

TL;DR

This paper investigates how multi-photon annihilated squeezed vacuum states influence phase estimation in quantum interferometry, revealing that benefits depend on energy constraints and are more robust in correlated measurements.

Contribution

It analyzes the role of photon subtraction in quantum phase estimation, highlighting conditions where it offers advantages and robustness against losses.

Findings

Photon subtraction benefits diminish under fixed energy in single phase estimation.

Correlated phase estimation shows advantages from photon subtraction and energy increase.

Photon subtracted states are more robust to losses, with 30% sensitivity improvement.

Abstract

In the last years, several works have demonstrated the advantage of photon subtracted Gaussian states for various quantum optics and information protocols. In most of these works, it was not clearly investigated the relation between the advantages and the usual increasing energy of the quantum state related to photon subtraction. In this paper, we study the performance of an interferometer injected with multi photon annihilated squeezed vacuum states mixed with coherent states for both single and correlated phase estimation. For single phase estimation, albeit the use of multi-photon annihilated squeezed vacuum states at low mean photons per mode provide advantage compared to classical strategy, when the total input energies is held fixed, the advantage due to photon subtraction is completely lost. However, for the correlated case in analogous scenario, some advantage appears to come from both the energy rise and improvement in photon statistics. In particular quantum enhanced sensitivity with photon subtracted states appears more robust to losses, showing an advantage of about 30% with respect to squeezed vacuum state in case of realistic value of the detection efficiency.