Analytical study of static beyond-Frohlich Bose polarons in one dimension

TL;DR

This paper provides an exact analytical study of static beyond-Frohlich Bose polarons in one dimension, revealing stability conditions, bound states, and instabilities using a multimode squeezed state approach.

Contribution

It introduces an exact solution for the static beyond-Frohlich Bose polaron model using a multimode squeezed state and generalized Bogoliubov transformation, extending analysis beyond Frohlich and Bogoliubov theories.

Findings

Repulsive polaron stable on positive interaction side

Always thermodynamically unstable on negative interaction side

Attractive polaron always dynamically unstable with imaginary energies

Abstract

Grusdt et al. [New J. Phys. 19, 103035 (2017)] recently made a renormalization group study of a one-dimensional Bose polaron in cold atoms. Their study went beyond the usual Frohlich description, which includes only single-phonon processes, by including two-phonon processes in which two phonons are simultaneously absorbed or emitted during impurity scattering [Shchadilova et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 113002 (2016)]. We study this same beyond-Frohlich model, but in the static impurity limit where the ground state is described by a multimode squeezed state instead of the multimode coherent state in the static Frohlich model. We solve the system exactly by applying the generalized Bogoliubov transformation, an approach that can be straightforwardly adapted to higher dimensions. Using our exact solution, we obtain a polaron energy free of infrared divergences and construct analytically the polaron phase diagram. We find that the repulsive polaron is stable on the positive side of the impurity-boson interaction but is always thermodynamically unstable on the negative side of the impurity-boson interaction, featuring a bound state, whose binding energy we obtain analytically. We find that the attractive polaron is always dynamically unstable, featuring a pair of imaginary energies which we obtain analytically. We expect the multimode squeezed state to help with studies that go not only beyond the Frohlich paradigm but also beyond Bogoliubov theory, just as the multimode coherent state has helped with the study of Frohlich polarons.