Spin wave radiation from vortices in $^3$He-B

TL;DR

This paper analyzes how vortices in superfluid $^3$He-B$ generate spin waves that cause energy dissipation, and compares theoretical calculations with experimental data to identify spin wave radiation as the main dissipation mechanism.

Contribution

It provides a detailed theoretical calculation of spin wave radiation from vortices in $^3$He-B$ and demonstrates its dominance in energy dissipation through comparison with experiments.

Findings

Spin wave radiation causes significant energy dissipation in $^3$He-B$ vortices.

Theoretical dissipation estimates agree with experimental measurements.

Spin wave radiation is identified as the primary dissipation mechanism in the mid-temperature range.

Abstract

We consider a vortex line in the B phase of superfluid $^3$He under uniformly precessing magnetization. The magnetization exerts torque on the vortex, causing its order parameter to oscillate. These oscillations generate spin waves, which is analogous to an oscillating charge generating electromagnetic radiation. The spin waves carry energy, causing dissipation in the system. Solving the equations of spin dynamics, we calculate the energy dissipation caused by spin wave radiation for arbitrary tipping angles of the magnetization and directions of the magnetic field, and for both vortex types of $^3$He-B. For the double-core vortex we also consider the anisotropy of the radiation and the dependence of the dissipation on twisting of the half cores. The radiated energy is compared with experiments in the mid-temperature range $T \sim 0.5 T_c$. The dependence of the calculated dissipation on several parameters is in good agreement with the experiments. Combined with numerically calculated vortex structure, the radiation theory produces the order of magnitude of the experimental dissipation. The agreement with the experiments indicates that spin wave radiation is the dominant dissipation mechanism for vortices in superfluid $^3$He-B in the mid-temperature range.