Nanostructured p-p(v) junctions obtained by G-doping

TL;DR

This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of G-doped p-p(v) junctions in silicon nanostructures, revealing unique electrical properties due to geometry-induced quantum effects and external voltage-dependent doping.

Contribution

It introduces a novel G-doping technique to create voltage-dependent p-p(v) junctions with distinct electrical behavior compared to traditional p-n junctions.

Findings

Diode-like I-V characteristics with low forward voltage drop

Reduced reverse current indicating different conduction mechanisms

Ideality factors between 0.14 and 0.2 confirming unique junction behavior

Abstract

Recently, geometry-induced quantum effects in periodic Si nanostructures were introduced and observed. Nanograting has been shown to originate geometry induced doping or G-doping. G-doping is based on reduction of density of quantum states and is n-type. Here, fabrication and characterization of G-doping based compensated p-p(v) junctions is reported. The p-p(v) abbreviation is introduced to emphasize voltage dependence of G-doping level. The p-type Si wafer is used for sample fabrication. First, two square islands are shaped at the surface of the wafer. Next, entire Si surface is oxidized to grow thin SiO2 insulating layer. Two windows are opened in SiO2 and nanograting is fabricated inside one of the windows using laser interference lithography followed by reactive ion etching. G-doping p-p(v) junction between p-type substrate and the nanograting layer is formed. Next, metal contacts are deposited on both islands to measure electrical characteristics of p-p(v) junction. To exclude contact resistance input Van der Pauw method is used. Obtained I-V curves are diode type with extremely low voltage drop in forward direction and reduced reverse current. Experimental I-V curves are fitted to the Shockley equation and ideality factor is found to be in the range of 0.2-0.14. Such a low values confirm that p-p(v) junction is fundamentally different from the conventional p-n junction. This difference is ascribed to G-doping which, unlike conventional doping, is external voltage dependent.