On the energy decay rates for the 1D damped fractional Klein-Gordon equation

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the energy decay rates of solutions to the 1D damped fractional Klein-Gordon equation, establishing polynomial decay for certain fractional orders and exponential decay for higher orders, using semigroup theory and a new observability estimate.

Contribution

The paper introduces a novel observability estimate for the fractional Laplacian and characterizes energy decay rates for the damped fractional Klein-Gordon equation across different fractional orders.

Findings

Polynomial energy decay rate $O(t^{-rac{s}{4-2s}})$ for $0<s<2$

Exponential decay rate for $s extgreater=2$

New observability estimate for the fractional Laplacian

Abstract

We consider the fractional Klein-Gordon equation in one spatial dimension, subjected to a damping coefficient, which is non-trivial and periodic, or more generally strictly positive on a periodic set. We show that the energy of the solution decays at the polynomial rate $O(t^{-\frac{s}{4-2s}})$ for $0< s<2 $ and at some exponential rate when $s\geq 2$. Our approach is based on the asymptotic theory of $C_0$ semigroups in which one can relate the decay rate of the energy in terms of the resolvent growth of the semigroup generator. The main technical result is a new observability estimate for the fractional Laplacian, which may be of independent interest.