Non-Newtonian fluid--structure interactions: Static response of a microchannel due to internal flow of a power-law fluid

TL;DR

This paper investigates the static response of a microchannel with a compliant top wall conveying a non-Newtonian power-law fluid, using lubrication theory and plate models, validated by numerical simulations to understand flow-structure interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a combined analytical and numerical framework for analyzing non-Newtonian fluid-structure interactions in microchannels, including new pressure-flow relations and deformation predictions.

Findings

Derived nonlinear pressure-flow relationship for non-Newtonian microchannels.

Validated analytical predictions with numerical simulations.

Identified limits of the perturbative lubrication theory approach.

Abstract

We study fluid-structure interactions (FSIs) in a long and shallow microchannel, conveying a non-Newtonian fluid, at steady state. The microchannel has a linearly elastic and compliant top wall, while its three other walls are rigid. The fluid flowing inside the microchannel has a shear-dependent viscosity described by the power-law rheological model. We employ lubrication theory to solve for the flow problem inside the long and shallow microchannel. For the structural problem, we employ two plate theories, namely Kirchhoff-Love theory of thin plates and Reissner-Mindlin first-order shear deformation theory. The hydrodynamic pressure couples the flow and deformation problem by acting as a distributed load onto the soft top wall. Within our perturbative (lubrication theory) approach, we determine the relationship between flow rate and the pressure gradient, which is a nonlinear first-order ordinary differential equation for the pressure. From the solution of this differential equation, all other quantities of interest in non-Newtonian microchannel FSIs follow. Through illustrative examples, we show the effect of FSI coupling strength and the plate thickness on the pressure drop across the microchannel. Through direct numerical simulation of non-Newtonian microchannel FSIs using commercial computational engineering tools, we benchmark the prediction from our mathematical prediction for the flow rate-pressure drop relation and the structural deformation profile of the top wall. In doing so, we also establish the limits of applicability of our perturbative theory.