Fabrication limits of waveguides in nonlinear crystals and their impact on quantum optics applications

TL;DR

This paper investigates how fabrication errors in nonlinear crystal waveguides affect their performance in quantum optics, providing a mathematical framework and strategies to mitigate imperfections for improved device reliability.

Contribution

It introduces a mathematical expression to assess fabrication limitations and analyzes their impact on quantum process performance in lithium niobate waveguides.

Findings

Fabrication imperfections degrade phasematching properties.

Correlated dispersion variations are the main source of degradation.

Strategies to reduce fabrication impact are proposed.

Abstract

Waveguides in nonlinear materials are a key component for photon pair sources and offer promising solutions to interface quantum memories through frequency conversion. To bring these technologies closer to every-day life, it is still necessary to guarantee a reliable and efficient fabrication of these devices. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the technological limitations of nonlinear waveguiding devices is paramount. In this paper, we study the link between fabrication errors of waveguides in nonlinear crystals and the final performance of such devices. In particular, we first derive a mathematical expression to qualitatively assess the technological limitations of any nonlinear waveguide. We apply this tool to study the impact of fabrication imperfections on the phasematching properties of different quantum processes realized in titanium-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. Finally, we analyse the effect of waveguide imperfections on quantum state generation and manipulation for few selected cases. We find that the main source of phasematching degradation is the correlated variation of the waveguide's dispersion properties and suggest different possible strategies to reduce the impact of fabrication imperfections.