Fundamentals on Base Stations in Cellular Networks: From the Perspective of Algebraic Topology

TL;DR

This paper applies algebraic topology tools to analyze the spatial distribution of base stations in cellular networks, revealing fractal properties and statistical patterns to improve network deployment strategies.

Contribution

It introduces a topological analysis framework using algebraic geometric instruments to study base station layouts in cellular networks.

Findings

Reveals fractal nature in base station topology.

Identifies log-normal distribution as best fit for Euler characteristics.

Provides insights for optimal base station placement.

Abstract

In recent decades, the deployments of cellular networks have been going through an unprecedented expansion. In this regard, it is beneficial to acquire profound knowledge of cellular networks from the view of topology so that prominent network performances can be achieved by means of appropriate placements of base stations (BSs). In our researches, practical location data of BSs in eight representative cities are processed with classical algebraic geometric instruments, including $ \alpha $-Shapes, Betti numbers, and Euler characteristics. At first, the fractal nature is revealed in the BS topology from both perspectives of the Betti numbers and the Hurst coefficients. Furthermore, log-normal distribution is affirmed to provide the optimal fitness to the Euler characteristics of real BS deployments.