Effect of an oscillating Gaussian obstacle in a Dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate

TL;DR

This paper investigates how an oscillating Gaussian obstacle affects vortex dipole dynamics in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing vortex nucleation, rarefaction pulses, and dipole interactions through real-time simulations.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of vortex dipole behavior in dipolar BECs with an oscillating obstacle using nonlocal GP equations, highlighting new dynamical phenomena.

Findings

Critical velocity for vortex nucleation depends on dipolar interaction strength.

Observation of rarefaction pulses caused by vortex dipole interactions.

Dynamics of vortex dipoles and their interactions in dipolar BECs are characterized.

Abstract

We study the dynamics of vortex dipoles in erbium ($^{168}$Er) and dysprosium ($^{164}$Dy) dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) by applying an oscillating blue-detuned laser (Gaussian obstacle). For observing vortex dipoles, we solve a nonlocal Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation in quasi two-dimensions in real-time. We calculate the critical velocity for the nucleation of vortex dipoles in dipolar BECs with respect to dipolar interaction strengths. We also show the dynamics of the group of vortex dipoles and rarefaction pulses in dipolar BECs. In the dipolar BECs with Gaussian obstacle, we observe rarefaction pulses due to the interaction of dynamically migrating vortex dipoles.