A new proof of the Hardy-Rellich inequality in any dimension

TL;DR

This paper presents a simplified proof of the Hardy-Rellich inequality valid in all dimensions starting from 3, introduces explicit minimizing sequences, and discusses the non-attainment of the optimal constant.

Contribution

It refines the spherical harmonics decomposition method to provide a concise proof of the Hardy-Rellich inequality in any dimension and details the symmetry breaking in lower dimensions.

Findings

Simplified proof of Hardy-Rellich inequality for all dimensions N≥3

Explicit construction of minimizing sequences

The best constant is not attained in the proper functional space

Abstract

The Hardy-Rellich inequality in the whole space with the best constant was firstly proved by Tertikas and Zographopoulos in Adv. Math. (2007) in higher dimensions $N\geq 5$. Then it was extended to lower dimensions $N\in \{3, 4\}$ by Beckner in Forum Math. (2008) and Ghoussoub-Moradifam in Math. Ann. (2011) by applying totally different techniques. In this note we refine the method implemented by Tertikas and Zographopoulos, based on spherical harmonics decomposition, to give an easy and compact proof of the optimal Hardy-Rellich inequality in any dimension $N\geq 3$. In addition, we provide minimizing sequences which were not explicitly mentioned in the quoted papers, emphasizing their symmetry breaking in lower dimensions $N\in \{3,4\}$. We also show that the best constant is not attained in the proper functional space.